Effects of Mobilization of Science for War. . Many of the leaders in the development of radar are scientists who before the war had been exploring the nucleus of the atom. The reduction in death rate from diseases of childhood has shifted the emphasis to the middle and old age groups, particularly to the malignant diseases and the degenerative processes prominent in later life. New manufacturing industries can be started and many older industries greatly strengthened and expanded if we continue to study nature's laws and apply new knowledge to practical purposes. This month, the U.S. Senate is poised to consider legislation that would expand the National Science Foundation (NSF) and strengthen the U.S. science and technology research ecosystem. Biddle Law Library The . While expenditures for scientific research in the colleges and universities increased by one-half during this period, those for the endowed research institutes have slowly declined. For more than 5 years many of our scientists have been fighting the war in the laboratories, in the factories and shops, and at the front. It has been basic United States policy that Government should foster the opening of new frontiers. This report presents conclusions and recommendations based upon the studies of these committees which appear in full as the appendices. We have been living on our fat. Publicly and privately supported colleges and universities and the endowed research institutes must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and the trained research workers. While additional physicians, hospitals, and health programs are needed, their full usefulness cannot be attained unless we enlarge our knowledge of the human organism and the nature of disease. Surely we will not get there by standing still, merely by making the same things we made before and selling them at the same or higher prices. A study in the premier science journal notes the long term falling off of truly original findings, as opposed to endless citations of others' findings. The obligation of Government to support research on military problems is inescapable. Basic research is performed without thought of practical ends. During the same period expenditures for scientific research in the colleges and universities increased from $20,000,000 to $31,000,000, while those in the endowed research institutes declined from $5,200,000 to $4,500,000. Citation; Raw Data; Library.Link Network; Borrow it Toggle Dropdown. In this war it has become clear beyond all doubt that scientific research is absolutely essential to national security. They are charged with the responsibility of conserving the knowledge accumulated by the past, imparting that knowledge to students, and contributing new knowledge of all kinds. February 9-17-24, 2021 L . The American research enterprise is the engine of ingenuity in our nation and is urgently needed to tackle the most pressing priorities of our timefrom the coronavirus pandemic to the climate crisis, and from income disparity to gun violence. Science - The Endless Frontier . Higher education in this country is largely for those who have the means. with a new quantitative metric the CD index12 that characterizes how papers and patents change networks of citations in science and technology. (5) While assuring complete independence and freedom for the nature, scope, and methodology of research carried on in the institutions receiving public funds, and while retaining discretion in the allocation of funds among such institutions, the Foundation proposed herein must be responsible to the President and the Congress. International Exchange of Scientific Information. To establish scholarships and fellowships in the natural sciences including biology and medicine. View at Internet Archive. To satisfy these considerations I recommend the establishment of a Board, made up equally of scientists and military men, whose function would be to pass upon the declassification and to control the release for publication of scientific information which is now classified. The development of the. Purposes. Description One of the most important reports in science policy, (commonly known as the Bush report), and intended to be a blueprint for a new era of scienceand of government in sciencefollowing the transformational experience of World War II and its technological culmination in the detonation of two atomic bombs over Japan. But nowhere in the Governmental structure receiving its funds from Congress is there an agency adapted to supplementing the support of basic research in the universities, both in medicine and the natural sciences; adapted to supporting research on new weapons for both Services; or adapted to administering a program of science scholarships and fellowships. To formulate over-all policies of the Foundation. Science, the Endless Frontier Hardcover - February 2, 2021 by Vannevar Bush (Author), Rush Holt (Contributor) 20 ratings 3.9 on Goodreads 51 ratings Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $12.95 8 Used from $6.78 26 New from $7.98 Paperback $25.00 4 Used from $15.96 10 New from $25.00 There are certain kinds of research - such as research on the improvement of existing weapons -- which can best be done within the military establishment. 2A Jiangtai Road, Chaoyang District Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. The event was held in partnership with The Kavli Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to mark the 75th anniversary of the publication of Vannevar Bush's seminal report Science, the Endless Frontier, which created . science is an endless frontier, where there are always new phenomena to be discovered, and major new questions to be answered. 9 reviews In 1945, Dr. Vannevar Bush, then director of the wartime Office of Scientific Research and Development, prepared a report for President Franklin Roosevelt to recommend a national approach towards science and research. Science is fundamentally a unitary thing. Approximately the scale of allowances provided for under the educational program for returning veterans has been used in estimating the cost of this program. Now the situation is different. To adopt, promulgate, amend, and rescind rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of the legislation and the policies and practices of the Foundation. It is the primary responsibility of the Army and Navy to train the men, make available the weapons, and employ the strategy that will bring victory in combat. Only through such responsibility can we maintain the proper relationship between science and other aspects of a democratic system. Further progress requires that the entire front of medicine and the underlying sciences of chemistry, physics, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, bacteriology, pathology, parasitology, etc., be broadly developed. The public interest will normally be adequately protected if the Government receives a royalty-free license for governmental purposes under any patents resulting from work financed by the Foundation. To support international cooperation in science by providing financial aid for international meetings, associations of scientific societies, and scientific research programs organized on an international basis. They must offer research opportunities and sufficient compensation to enable them to compete with industry and government for the cream of scientific talent. It should be arranged that the Members first appointed serve terms of such length that at least two Members are appointed each succeeding year. The function of such a civilian group would be primarily to conduct long-range scientific research on military problems - leaving to the Services research on the improvement of existing weapons. Methods should therefore be found which will permit the agency to make commitments of funds from current appropriations for programs of five years duration or longer. The procedures currently followed within the Government for recruiting, classifying and compensating such personnel place the Government under a severe handicap in competing with industry and the universities for first-class scientific talent. This is of the utmost importance. Language English Pages 184 A balance between military and other research could thus readily be maintained. The Endless Frontier Act was initially presented Senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and Todd Young (R-IN) by Under . Office of Scientific Research and Development. Holts bold, incisive reframing of this classic text illuminates how science is embedded in, and of import to, sociopolitical concerns. RENEWAL OF OUR SCIENTIFIC TALENT Science Is a Proper Concern of Government. Nor should the creation of the new agency be delayed by uncertainties in regard to the postwar organization of our military departments themselves. There must be plenty of men and women trained in science and technology for upon them depend both the creation of new knowledge and its application to practical purposes. THE MEANS TO THE END In order, however, to secure the part-time services of the most competent men as Members of the Foundation and the Divisions, these stringent prohibitions should be relaxed to the extent indicated. Only in the creation of one over-all mechanism rather than several does this report depart from the specific recommendations of the committees. The new eyes which radar supplied to our fighting forces quickly evoked the development of scientific countermeasures which could often blind them. It should not operate any laboratories of its own. There has been dramatic progress in surgery. PUB L I C. VA L U E. SCIE NCE SCIE NCE. Continuity and stability of the program and its support may be expected (a) from the growing realization by the Congress of the benefits to the public from scientific research, and (b) from the conviction which will grow among those who conduct research under the auspices of the agency that good quality work will be followed by continuing support. But in the present state of knowledge a plan cannot be made which will select, and assist, only those young men and women who will give the top future leadership to science. - 1. Industry learned many years ago that basic research cannot often be fruitfully conducted as an adjunct to or a subdivision of an operating agency or department. In the nineteenth century, Yankee mechanical ingenuity, building largely upon the basic discoveries of European scientists, could greatly advance the technical arts. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation's health, security, and prosperity. The development of scientific countermeasures which could often blind them embedded in, and major new questions be! That at least two Members are appointed each succeeding year and technology with a quantitative... 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