"[101] Doris Kearns Goodwin writes that a review of his personal correspondence during the war reveals a tendency for self-aggrandizement and unwarranted self-congratulation. See more George B. McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician. McClellan assessed local defensive capabilities for the secretary. [32] He reveled in his newly acquired power and influence:[30]. McClellan was also unwilling, due to Porter's opinion, to employ his ample reserve forces to capitalize on localized successes. [111], The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954. A chronology of key events in the life of George B. McClellan (1826-1885), U.S. Army officer and governor of New Jersey. Congress's joint committee visited the abandoned Confederate lines and radical Republicans introduced a resolution demanding the dismissal of McClellan, but it was narrowly defeated by a parliamentary maneuver. George B. McClellan Title Major General War & Affiliation Civil War / Union Date of Birth - Death December 3, 1826 - October 29, 1885 George Brinton McClellan is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. George B. McClellan (1826-1885) was an American soldier and politician, best known for his service in the American Civil War, where he was a major general in the Union Army. [77] McClellan had no prior knowledge that the plans for emancipation rested on his battle performance. He accomplished this by marching small groups of men repeatedly past places where they could be observed at a distance or were just out of sight, accompanied by great noise and fanfare. $65.00 + $4.75 shipping . For this reason, some of his Southern colleagues approached him informally about siding with the Confederacy, but he could not accept the concept of secession. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon," "Little Mac" was immensely popular with the men who served under his command. Davis, Jefferson, and McClellan, George B. Leigh, Philip "Lee's Lost Dispatch and Other Civil War Controversies". McClellan was forced to repudiate the platform, which made his campaign inconsistent and difficult. The testing of battle uncovered another McClellan failing - his management of his own generals. Add an answer. He waved the order at his old Army friend, Brig. McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals. The armies struggled to a . On September 2, 1862, Lincoln named McClellan to command "the fortifications of Washington, and all the troops for the defense of the capital". [9] He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. George McClellan Library of Congress Quick Facts Significance: General-in-Chief of the Union Army Place Of Birth: Philadelphia, PA Date Of Birth: December 3, 1826 Place Of Death: Orange, NJ Date Of Death: October 29, 1885 Place Of Burial: Trenton, NJ Cemetery Name: Riverview Cemetery In the Mexican War, he won brevets of 1st Lieutenant and Captain for his zeal, gallantry, and . In June 1851, he was ordered to Fort Delaware, a masonry work under construction on an island in the Delaware River, forty miles (65km) downriver from Philadelphia. He prevented the army's morale from collapsing at least twice, in the aftermath of the First and Second Battles of Bull Run. He began to write another draft of what would be published posthumously, in 1887, as McClellan's Own Story. Historian and biographer Stephen W. Sears observed that McClellan's actions would have been "essentially sound" for a commander who was as outnumbered as McClellan thought he was, but McClellan in fact rarely had less than a two-to-one advantage over the armies that opposed him in 1861 and 1862. For other people with the same name, see, "Little Napoleon" redirects here. George McClellan Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bin Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era (The information was not used until 1870 when President Ulysses S. Grant unsuccessfully attempted to annex the Dominican Republic.) Bouquets, beautiful and fragrant, in great numbers were thrown at him, and the ladies crowded around him with the warmest good wishes, and many of them were entirely overcome with emotion. The number of men McClellan was actually faced varies, with Joseph Harsh in Confederate Tide Rising placing Lee's army at 112,220 men compared with the 105,857 under McClellan. Known within the family as Max, he too became a politician, serving as a United States Representative (18931903) and as Mayor of New York City from 1904 to 1909. "[40] Scott became so disillusioned with the young general that he offered his resignation to President Lincoln, who initially refused to accept it. Both passed the legislature in 1878 and 1880, respectively. [6] After two years at the university, he changed his goal to military service. He later wrote that had it been his place to arrange the terms of peace, he would have insisted on gradual emancipation, guarding the rights of both slaves and masters, as part of any settlement. This placed him in great demand as the Union mobilized. His army is in a very demoralized and chaotic condition, and will not be prepared for offensive operationsor he will not think it sofor three or four weeks. [102] His original draft was completed in 1881, but the only copy was destroyed by fire. He established a supply base on the Pamunkey River (a navigable tributary of the York River) at White House Landing where the Richmond and York River Railroad extending to Richmond crossed, and commandeered the railroad, transporting steam locomotives and rolling stock to the site by barge.[53]. The Union victory and Lincoln's proclamation played a considerable role in dissuading the governments of France and Britain from recognizing the Confederacy; some suspected they were planning to do so in the aftermath of another Union defeat. He had received intelligence reports on May 26 that the critical Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges in that portion of the state were being burned. [2] His father's family was of Scottish and English heritage. His final words, at 3 a.m., October 29, 1885, were, "I feel easy now. In June 1862, Union soldiers could spot the steeples of Richmond off to the distance. McClellan's army began to sail from Alexandria on March 17. Johnston was wounded in the battle, and General Robert E. Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia. It contained two alternatives, each envisioning a prominent role for himself as commander. Because McClellan failed to pursue Lee aggressively after Antietam, Lincoln ordered that he be removed from command on November 5, 1862. And he was far too willing to accept cautious advice about saving his reserves, such as when a significant breakthrough in the center of the Confederate line could have been exploited, but Fitz John Porter is said to have told McClellan, "Remember, General, I command the last reserve of the last Army of the Republic."[76]. Such a villain as he is ought to bring defeat upon any cause that employs him. To that end, he advocated for cautious spending to allow for a state tax cut of fifty percent; by the end of McClellan's term, the state tax on residents was abolished entirely. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. Upon realizing the intelligence value of this discovery, McClellan threw up his arms and exclaimed, "Now I know what to do!" George Brinton McClellan (1826-1885) - Born 3 Dec 1826 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lincoln's Cabinet met on October 18 and agreed to accept Scott's resignation for reasons of health.[41]. Johnston saw that the Union army was split in half by the rain-swollen Chickahominy River and hoped to defeat it in detail at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks. At Antietam, where there was nowhere for him to flee to, he fell into a paralysis of indecision. In. [34] The Army of the Potomac grew in number from 50,000 in July to 168,000 in November, becoming the largest military force the United States had raised until that time. He and his family then embarked on another three-year stay in Europe (187375). [13], McClellan's experiences in the war would shape his military and political life. I attended the University of Pennsylvania and then went on to study at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He made no use of his cavalry forces for reconnaissance. He realized that McClellan was a strong organizer and a skilled trainer of troops, able to recombine the units of Pope's army with the Army of the Potomac faster than anyone. George B. McClellan - Ohio History Central (1826-85) Graduated in the West Point class of 1846 and fought in the Mexican War. McClellan would leave two corps behind to defend Washington. Two more crises would confront McClellan before he could implement his plans. Beginning in 1872, he also served as the president of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. "[41], Lincoln, as well as many other leaders and citizens of the northern states, became increasingly impatient with McClellan's slowness to attack the Confederate forces still massed near Washington. During his administration, two companies were equipped with Gatling guns, a new battalion was organized, regular rifle practice was instituted, and provisions were made to supply new uniforms. He favored a war that would impose little impact on civilian populations and require no emancipation of slaves. George Brinton McClellan was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey. During a temporary armistice in which the forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor awaited action, McClellan was stricken with dysentery and malaria, which kept him in the hospital for nearly a month. In the Mexican War, he won brevets of 1st Lieutenant and Captain for his zeal, gallantry, and . "Prince John" Magruder defended the Peninsula against McClellan's advance with a vastly smaller force. [47] The second crisis was the emergence of the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia, which threw Washington into a panic and made naval support operations on the James River seem problematic. He did not share his overall battle plans with his corps commanders, which prevented them from using initiative outside of their sectors. [71], Still, historians including James M. McPherson in Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam and The Battle Cry of Freedom, Stephen Sears in Landscape Turned Red, John Keegan in The American Civil War, and James V. Murfin in The Gleam of Bayonets have provided clear evidence that McClellan, despite his expressed joy upon being given the order, delayed by some 18 hours before reacting to the intelligence coup, resulting in Lee's being able to elude the late-arriving Union forces, and this remains the standard view. He told one of his generals, "He is an able general but a very cautious one. Thank you." A frustrated McClellan wrote to his wife before the battle, "Pope will be thrashed & be disposed of [by Lee]. In the fall of 1861 McClellan launched a small-scale invasion of western . McClellan's pursuit began on September 5. They expressed their confidence to varying degrees. [7], At West Point, he was an energetic and ambitious cadet, deeply interested in the teachings of Dennis Hart Mahan and the theoretical strategic principles of Antoine-Henri Jomini. I graduated second in my class at West Point in 1846. [21], In October 1859, McClellan was able to resume his courtship of Mary Ellen, and they were married in Calvary Church, New York City, on May 22, 1860. McClellan Fitness Center is a United States Army gym located at Fort Eustis, Virginia near his Peninsula Campaign. On November 1, 1861, President Abraham Lincolnnywayanyday George Brinton McClellan general in charge of the Union army, replacing the elderly and infirm Winfield Scott. [90] McClellan's administration was marked by caution and conservatism. [24], As McClellan scrambled to process the thousands of men who were volunteering for service and to set up training camps, he also applied his mind to grand strategy. First, McClellan proponents say that because the general was a conservative Democrat with great personal charisma, radical Republicans fearing his political potential deliberately undermined his field operations. He married Mary Ellen Marcy, on May 22, 1860. [36] McClellan's writings after the war were typical of many Northerners: "I confess to a prejudice in favor of my own race, & can't learn to like the odor of either Billy goats or niggers. Date Of Death: October 29, 1885. McClellan's wife, Ellen, died in Nice, France, in 1915 while visiting Mary at her home "Villa Antietam".[93][94]. When the public heard about the Galena, it was yet another great embarrassment, comparable to the Quaker Guns at Manassas. Then, however, McClellan came under extreme criticism in the press and Congress when it was learned that Johnston's forces had not only slipped away unnoticed, but had for months fooled the Union Army with logs painted black to appear as cannons, nicknamed Quaker Guns. But McClellan was also tacitly acknowledging that he would no longer be able to invest Richmond, the object of his campaign; the heavy siege artillery required would be almost impossible to transport without the railroad connections available from his original supply base on the York River. [78] McClellan wrote to his wife, "Those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly and that it was a masterpiece of art. Due to his experience and abilities, the Army appointed him a major general on May 14, 1861. He quickly realized that he had overstepped his bounds and apologized by letter to President Lincoln. George B. McClellan. George B. McClellan (1826-1885) 1826, Dec. 3 Born, Philadelphia, Pa. George B. McClellan was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 3, 1826. . The class of '46 contributed 20 generals to the Union and Confederate armies. A major contributing factor in this decision was McClellan's failure to pursue Lee's army following the tactically inconclusive but strategic Union victory at the Battle of Antietam outside Sharpsburg, Maryland. With the assistance of his father's letter to President John Tyler, McClellan was accepted at the United States Military Academy in 1842 at the age of 15, with the academy waiving its usual minimum age of 16. In his inaugural address, he said the most urgent matter before the state was relief from the Panic of 1873. [44], On January 10, 1862, Lincoln met with top generals (McClellan did not attend) and directed them to formulate a plan of attack, expressing his exasperation with General McClellan with the following remark: "If General McClellan does not want to use the army, I would like to borrow it for a time. The effectiveness of his campaign was damaged when he repudiated his party's platform, which promised an end to the war and negotiations with the Confederacy. [29], After the defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run on July 21, 1861, Lincoln summoned McClellan from western Virginia, where McClellan had given the North the only engagements bearing a semblance of victory. [35] He viewed slavery as an institution recognized in the Constitution, and entitled to federal protection wherever it existed (Lincoln held the same public position until August 1862). Civil War CDV General McClellan and Wife . Malaria would recur in later years; he called it his "Mexican disease. The enemy is driven back into Virginia." A planned attack on September 16 was put off because of early morning fog, allowing Lee to prepare his defenses with an army less than half the size of McClellan's. In the course of a disagreement about defensive forces on the Potomac River, McClellan wrote to his wife on August 10: "Genl Scott is the great obstaclehe will not comprehend the danger & is either a traitor, or an incompetent. Was general george b mcclellan union or confederate? [99], There is indeed ample evidence that the terrible stresses of commanding men in battle, especially the beloved men of his beloved Army of the Potomac, left his moral courage in tatters. Back in Washington, a reorganization of units created the Army of Virginia under Maj. Gen. John Pope, who was directed to advance toward Richmond from the northeast. allowing approximately 200,000 Black soldiers to serve in the Union Army during the Civil War. Free shipping for many products! [82] For all his popularity with the troops, McClellan failed to secure their support and the military vote went to Lincoln nearly 31. [110] Camp McClellan, in Davenport, IA, is a former Union Army camp established in August 1861 after the outbreak of the Civil War. [105] Second, that as the radical Republicans were the true winners coming out of the Civil War, they were able to write its history, placing their principal political rival of the time, McClellan, in the worst possible light. Lincoln's order was ambiguous as to whether McClellan might be restored following a successful campaign. [6] He began attending the university in 1840, when he was 14 years old, resigning himself to the study of law after his family decided that medical educations for both McClellan and his older brother John were too expensive. George B. McClellan was a prominent nineteenth-century American military and political leader. (1826-1885), Civil War general.McClellan was born to a wealthy family in Philadelphia; at the age of fiftee Union Army, The Union army grew steadily throughout the war, from 186,751 in July 1861 to 1,000,516 in May 1865. McClellan worked on engineering projects in New York City and was offered the position of president of the newly formed University of California, which he declined. The appointment was controversial in the Cabinet, a majority of whom signed a petition declaring to the president "our deliberate opinion that, at this time, it is not safe to entrust to Major General McClellan the command of any Army of the United States". McClellan was removed from his command of Ohio volunteer armies in less than six months, becoming the Union army's leader. Even as they served their country, Black soldiers were subject to a number of discriminations. When the General came to the corner of the principal street the ladies thronged around him. The General took the gentle hands which were offered to him with many a kind and pleasing remark, and heard and answered the many remarks and compliments with which the people accosted him. I feel I have done all that can be asked in twice saving the country. Scott rejected both plans as logistically unfeasible. Early in the conflict, McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and disciplined army, which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater; he served a brief period (November 1861 to March 1862) as Commanding General of the United States Army of the Union Army. I have to fight my way against him. In so doing, he missed three greatly superior passes in the near vicinity, which were eventually used for railroads and interstate highways. Glendale and Malvern Hill found him at the peak of his anguish during the Seven Days, and he fled those fields to escape the responsibility. McClellan claimed he could not trust anyone in the administration to keep his plans secret from the press, and thus the enemy. Steven R. Stotelmyer in Too Useful to Sacrifice places it at about 60,000 men, noting that the 87,000 number includes non-combat soldiers and units not immediately available. I find myself in a new and strange position herePresdt, Cabinet, Genl Scott & all deferring to meby some strange operation of magic I seem to have become the power of the land. McClellan had hoped to use the 1st Corps to capture Glouchester Point and thus outflank the Confederate position. However, Gene Thorp in a 2012 article in The Washington Post cited evidence that the vanguard of Army of the Potomac was in motion all day on the 13th due to orders McClellan had issued the previous day. In this, McClellan was perhaps influenced by his questioning of Confederate deserter Edward B. McMurdy, whose testimony was not accepted by Lincoln, Secretary of State Seward, or General-in-Chief Scott, but reaffirmed for McClellan the numbers he had convinced himself of. This plan, which would require considerable patience of the Northern public, was derided in newspapers as the Anaconda Plan, but eventually proved to be the outline of the successful prosecution of the war. McClellan was removed from command in November in the aftermath of the 1862 midterm elections. He called a council of war at the White House in which McClellan's subordinates were asked about their confidence in the Urbanna plan. Backlash to these measures led to the election of Republican majorities in both houses for the remainder of McClellan's term in office, limiting the scope of his agenda. [107] And fourth, that Lincoln and Stanton deliberately undermined McClellan because of his conciliatory stance towards the South, which might have resulted in a less destructive end to the war had Richmond fallen as a result of the Peninsula Campaign. On March 8, doubting McClellan's resolve, Lincoln again interfered with the army commander's prerogatives. [91], McClellan devoted his final years to traveling and writing; he produced his memoirs, McClellan's Own Story (published posthumously in 1887), in which he stridently defended his conduct during the war. McClellan returned to West Point to command his engineering company, which was attached to the academy for the purpose of training cadets in engineering activities. He complained that he had arrived too late to take any part in the American victory at Monterrey in September. It was a scene which no one could forgetan event of a lifetime. An English observer remarked that it was the "stride of a giant." He also received an assignment to the Department of Texas, with orders to perform a survey of Texas rivers and harbors. In the battle of Malvern Hill, he was on a gunboat, the USSGalena, which at one point was ten miles (16km) away, down the James River. By August 19, he estimated 150,000 rebel soldiers on his front. I have all the plans of the rebels, and will catch them in their own trap if my men are equal to the emergency. Although he complimented McClellan and expressed his "great confidence in your intelligence, zeal, science, and energy", he replied by letter that the 80,000 men would be better used on a river-based expedition to control the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy, accompanied by a strong Union blockade of Southern ports. The men cheered him until they were hoarse and some broke ranks to swarm around the martial figure and indulge in the 'most extravagant demonstrations'. The president expressed his concern about the "vast labor" involved in the dual role of army commander and general-in-chief, but McClellan responded, "I can do it all. As he quickly implemented plans to invade the region, he triggered his first serious political controversy by proclaiming to the citizens there that his forces had no intentions of interfering with personal propertyincluding slaves. He reveled in his george b mcclellan union or confederate address, he changed his goal to military service by.. 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