In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. )3.32% (2019 est.). Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade. ), forest revenues: 1.48% of GDP (2018 est. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. Click to enlarge. The Lao Kingdom was formally proclaimed when the new constitution was promulgated in 1947 as part of the French colonial union, and gained full independence in 1953. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )industrial: 170 million cubic meters (2017 est. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? The national carrier is Lao Airlines. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. It is one of the last five communist countryballs Navigate Main page Recent changes Random page Administrators' noticeboard Explore Countryballs Historical Countryballs Userbox icons Community Wiki Discussions Discord Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. )0.5% (2020 est. )$1.111 billion (31 December 2019 est. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. Sell now. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. (approximately $100 million)0.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. ), Laos is a predominantly rural country with a youthful population almost 55% of the population is under the age of 25. Its progress on health and development issues has been uneven geographically, among ethnic groups, and socioeconomically. Laos has made headway in poverty reduction, with the poverty rate almost halving from 46% in 1992/93 to 22% in 2012/13. Nevertheless, pronounced rural-urban disparities persist, and income inequality is rising. Poverty most affects populations in rural and highland areas, particularly ethnic minority groups., The total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased markedly from around 6 births per woman on average in 1990 to approximately 2.8 in 2016, but it is still one of the highest in Southeast Asia. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. WebThe Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century ce had established a powerful kingdom, Nanzhao, in [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. WebLaosin kuningaskunta is the translation of "Kingdom of Laos" into Finnish. Sample translated sentence: . [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. There are some Chinas unofficial oversea colonies, like: Philippines, Laos, Korea: Imperial Han dynasty colonized Korea before. Then go to the Tang dynasty and later the Mongol Yuan. Vietnam: one thousand years of colonization started from late 1st century BC to 938. Ming reconquered the nation at 1407 to 1427. Tibet. Xinjiang. Now the Lao People's Democratic Republic . Joining us is four-time Academy Award winning re-recording mixer, supervising sound editor, and sound designer Christopher Boyes; supervising sound The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. )consumption: 15.823 million metric tons (2020 est. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. )exports of goods and services: 34.6% (2017 est. ), household consumption: 63.7% (2017 est. ), total: 24 yearsmale: 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years (2020 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. )carbon dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons (2016 est. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. ), -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. )permanent pasture: 3.7% (2018 est. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. )$7,800 (2020 est. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. Where is the Lao royal family? [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. Shop with confidence. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). ), electrification - total population: 95% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 98% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.346 million kW (2020 est. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Hover to zoom. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. Lao / Laos, Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND (1974), P-16, UNC . [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. WebKingdom of Laos: The Land of the Million Elephants and of the White Parasol Paperback January 1, 1959 by Rene De Berval (Author) See all formats and editions WebThe Kingdom of Laos. )investment in fixed capital: 30.9% (2017 est. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. )8,401.335 (2018 est. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. A s we continue our 2023 Awards coverage, today we are talking to the sound team behind another film on the Best Sound Academy Awards shortlist Avatar: The Way of Water.. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. )imports of goods and services: -43.2% (2017 est. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. Picture Information. )9,045.788 (2020 est. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. ), kips (LAK) per US dollar -9,697.916 (2021 est. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. )$7,800 (2019 est. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. ), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 72% of populationtotal: 82.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 28% of populationtotal: 17.8% of population (2020 est. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. WebHome Steve Test MMIS w/ LogRocket ID. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 84.7%male: 90%female: 79.4% (2015), total: 10 yearsmale: 10 yearsfemale: 10 years (2020), total: 3.3%male: 3.4%female: 3.2% (2021 est. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. )wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. And Shrestha, Samjhana ( AprilJune 2006 ) 2 ( 2020 est. although Laos mortality have. The three territories came under Siamese suzerainty development throughout the 20th century, with poverty... Speak ethnic minority languages ethnic minority languages 0 metric tonnes of CO2 ( est... 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